Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeologic Evidence.

Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeologic Evidence. Legend has it that King Midas of the Phrygians possessed the ears ofan ass. Modern reconstructions on the skull of Midas indicate that,besides head-bandaging in youth, producing a dolicocephalic skull, Midashimself may have suffered from hairy pinnae, a genetic trait pased downthe male line, leading to hair growing thickly from the outer edge ofthe ear. This work is recounted in JOHN PRAG & RICHARD NEAVE's(ed.) Making faces: using forensic and archaeological evidence (256pages, 20 colour plates, 115 b/w plates, 14 figures, 1 map. 1997.London: British Museum Press; 0-7141-1743-9 hardback [pounds]18.99), alively and illuminating account of the reconstruction of a number offamous people from the past. In re-creating the face, first a mould ofthe skull is made, then the appropriate but plasticine muscles arerefitted to their attachment areas, and finally the correct thickness offlesh is applied on to these muscles. Recent developments include theuse of CAT scanning of the skull, and new data on the thickness of fleshon the skulls of living people of varying ages and facial structureshave further improved the accuracy of these models. Besides Midas, otherfamous faces reconstructed from their skulls include Phillip II ofMacedon and the priest and priestess of Anemospilia, killed in anearthquake in 1700-1650 BC. The faces of the bog bodies of Lindow Manand the Yde Girl have also been built up from their skulls, since theconstant pressure of the peat bogs had dramatically distorted theirflesh.MonographsAccording to the dust-cover, DILIP K. CHAKRABARTI'S ColonialIndology: sociopolitics of the ancient Indian past (xi+254 pages. 1997.New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers; 81-215-0750-2 hardbackRs350) is the first major exercise in the archaeology of sociopoliticsin India. The author argues that it was a need of the colonial rulers tomanipulate the perception of the past by Indians from the middle of the19th century. Such manipulation has involved the creation of anelaborate racist framework, intertwining race, language and culture, inwhich India was portrayed as a static and stagnant society for whichchange came from the outside, whether in the form of Alexander the Greator the Governor-generals of the British East India Company British East India Company:see East India Company, British. . The strengthof this framework lies in the fact that it was accepted even by Indiannationalist scholars and, as the author argues, is still in place today.JACK PASTOR'S Land and economy in ancient Palestine. (xv+281pages. 1997. London & New York New York, state, United StatesNew York,Middle Atlantic state of the United States. It is bordered by Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and the Atlantic Ocean (E), New Jersey and Pennsylvania (S), Lakes Erie and Ontario and the Canadian province of (NY): Routledge; 0-415-15960-1hardback [pounds]45 & $69.95) considers the problems ofland-ownership from the Persian to the Roman periods in ancientPalestine. For PASTOR the understanding of land is the key factor incomprehending all aspects of economy and society; it is permanentproperty and a source of livelihood, rights of citizenship derive fromits ownership.Types of land and their associated relations of ownership and tenancyare also important in ROSAMOND FAITH's The English peasantry andthe growth of lordship (xvi+304 pages, 31 figures, 1997. London: CassellAcademic 0-7185-0011-3 [pounds]65). In 10 chapters FAITH reassesses thereceived wisdom on the 'origins of the manor', the status ofthe Anglo-Saxon peasantry, the 12th-century economy and the origins ofthe villeinage. In drawing a distinction between those dependent tenantsand agricultural workers on the 'inland' of the states of theministers, kings and lords and those more independent peasants of the'warland', she illuminates many of the changing relationsbetween peasants and their landlords.ALEXANDER MAZARAKIS AINIAN. From rulers' dwellings to temples:architecture, religion and society in early Iron Age Greece (1100-700BC). (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 12.) 412 pages, 513 figures,6 maps, 11 tables. 1997. Jonsered: Paul Astroms Forlag; 91-7081-152-0paperback SEK SEKIn currencies, this is the abbreviation for the Swedish Krona.Notes:The currency market, also known as the Foreign Exchange market, is the largest financial market in the world, with a daily average volume of over US $1 trillion. 650. Five main chapters and conclusions consider therelationship between rulers' dwellings and cult buildings in theearly Iron Age of Greece with a view to understanding the resurgence ofthe temple in the Greek polis. The first chapter outlines in greatdetail the available evidence arranged by period and place. It isfollowed by chapters on the recognition of rulers' or cultdwellings, the interaction between sacred and profane, the literaryevidence and the transition from rulers' dwellings to temples.Of a natural turn is LINDA FARRAR's Gardens of Italy and thewestern provinces of the Roman Empire: from the 4th century BC to the4th century AD. (BAR International series 650.) vi+122 pages, 44 colourplates, 36 illustrations, 2 tables. 1996. Oxford: Tempvs Reparatvm;0-86054-837-6 paperback [pounds]40. This would almost work as agardening book for Romans, starting with the structure of gardens andending with a list of plants and where they were to be used. Aninformative and original addition to the book-list of things Roman.Also:CHARLES BRIAN ROSE. Dynastic commemoration and Imperial portraiturein the Julie-Claudian period. xviii+314 pages, 240 plates, 4 maps, 4tables. 1997. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP) is a publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534, and one of the two privileged presses (the other being Oxford University Press). ; 0-521-45382-8hardback [pounds]55 & $85.Field reports and archaeological surveysA number of long-running projects see further publication of theirresults. These include archaeological work in the historic city of York City of York may refer to: York, a city in North Yorkshire, England City of York (UK Parliament constituency), a constituency represented in the British House of Commons City of York in the form of R.A. HALL'S The archaeology of York: The legionaryfortress 3/4: Excavations in the Praetentura: 9 Blake Street (97 pages,86 figures, 2 tables. 1997. York: Council for British Archaeology The Council for British Archaeology is a British organisation based in York that promotes archaeology within the United Kingdom. Since 1944 the Council has been involved in publicising and generating public support for British archaeology; formulating and disseminating ;1-872414-75-3 paperback [pounds]20) and PATRICK OTTAWAY's Thearchaeology of York: The legionary fortress 3/3: Excavations andobservations on the defences and adjacent sites (205 pages, 145 figuresplus 8 unbound unboundsaid of electrolytes, e.g. iron and calcium, and other substances which are circulating in the bloodstream and are not bound to plasma proteins so that they are available immediately for metabolic processes. See also calcium, iron. sheets boxed separately, 4 tables. 1996. York: Councilfor British Archaeology; 1-872414-65-6 paperback [pounds]35), and workin the city of Athens published in SUSAN I. ROTROFF's The AthenianAgora agora(ăg`ərə)[Gr.,=market], in ancient Greece, the public square or marketplace of a city. In early Greek history the agora was primarily used as a place for public assembly; later it functioned mainly as a center of commerce. : results of excavations conducted by the American School ofClassical Studies at Athens 29: Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian andimported wheelmade table ware (part 1: text, xxxvii+574 pages, 10graphs; part 2:1 plan, 106 figures, 148 plates. 1997. Princeton (NJ):American School of Classical Studies at Athens; 0-87661-229-X $175).Each continue to make solid contributions to already well-publishedcities.Others receive a late and deserved write-up. Principal in this groupis D.M. WATERMAN'S Excavations at Navan Fort 1961-71 (NorthernIreland Archaeological Monographs 3. xvi+244 pages, 32 plates, 87figures, 27 tables. 1997. Belfast: The Stationery Office; 0-337-08361-4paperback [pounds]25), which now brings to a close the importantexcavations at Navan of the late DUDLEY WATERMAN undertaken between 1961and 1971. Individual chapters consider the excavation of site A and siteB. Final chapters interpret the site and place it in its wider context.C.J. LYN is to be credited for completing the report from what wasapparently an exemplary but 'personally organized' archive:one that Waterman had assumed he would be using himself in itscompletion. Likewise seeing the light of day is JANE R. TIMBY's TheAnglo-Saxon cemetery at Empingham II, Rutland. (Oxbow monograph 70.248pages, 165 illustrations, 39 tables. 1996. Oxford: Oxbow; 1-900188-15-5paperback [pounds]28). This is the published study of a series of 135burials excavated at this site between 1974 and 1975, but which was notoriginally brought to a proper published conclusion. JANE TIMBY wascommissioned to do the write-up. Her monograph contains chapters on thesite and its excavation, pre-Anglo-Saxon occupation, and thenconcentrates on the Anglo-Saxon cemetery and the graves and grave-goods;it provides a detailed presentation and discussion of the materials fromthis site.PATRICIA PATRICIA Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded In AlphanumericPATRICIA Proving and Testability for Reliability Improvement of Complex Integrated ArchitecturesPATRICIA PApilloma TRIal Cervical cancer In young Adults A. GILMAN'S Wandering villagers: pit structures,mobility and agriculture in south-eastern Arizona (AnthropologicalResearch Papers 49. xii+216 pages, 53 figures, 54 tables. 1997. Tempe(AZ): Arizona State University Arizona State University,at Tempe; coeducational; opened 1886 as a normal school, became 1925 Tempe State Teachers College, renamed 1945 Arizona State College at Tempe. Its present name was adopted in 1958. , Department of Anthropology; 0271-0641paperback $25) outlines the results from her survey for and analysis ofthe 58 pit structure sites from the San Simon region of the AmericanSouthwest as a means to investigate the nature and duration of thetransition to anagricultural way of life in this region, Individualchapters look at the relationship between pit structures andsedentism/mobility, the archaeological record of the southeast Arizonaregion and then focus in on the settlement structure of pit structuresites and the archaeological record from one particular site of longoccupation history.BIBA TERZAN (ed.). Hoards and individual metal finds from theEneolithic and Bronze ages in Slovenia. (Volume 1, catalogue &monograph 29. 413 pages, numerous plates and figures. 1995. Ljubljana:Tiskarna Joze Moskric; 961-6169-04-1 hardback. Volume 2, catalogue &monograph 30. 281 pages, numerous plates, figures and maps. 1996.Ljubljana: Tiskarna Joze Moskric; 961-6169-05-x hardback.) These twolarge volumes provide a comprehensive catalogue of items found in hoardsand as individual pieces in Slovenia. Information provided concerningthe hoards includes details of discovery, current location andcomposition of the hoard with each piece described metrically met��ri��cal?adj.1. Of, relating to, or composed in poetic meter: metrical verse; five metrical units in a line.2. Of or relating to measurement. . Furthersections cover dating and spectometric research. Each piece isillustrated by photograph and line drawing. A concise conclusion bringsthe data together in interpretation.NIELS H. ANDERSEN. The Sarup enclosures: the Funnel Beaker culture ofthe Sarup site including two causewayed camps compared to thecontemporary settlements in the area and other European enclosures. 404pages, 73 colour plates, 32 b/w plates, numerous illustrations. 1997.Arhus: Aarhus University Press; 87-7288-588-2 hardback $46.50 DKK DKKIn currencies, this is the abbreviation for the Danish Krone.Notes:The currency market, also known as the Foreign Exchange market, is the largest financial market in the world, with a daily average volume of over US $1 trillion. 348.The results of excavations between 1971 and 1984 at this site whichpreserved evidence of occupation from the Maglemose period to the 5thcentury AD. Beautifully integrated colour photographs with linedrawings.ROGER LING. The insula INSULA, Latin. An island. In the Roman law the word is applied to a house not connected with other houses, but separated by a surrounding space of ground. Calvini Lex; Vicat, Vocab. ad voc. of the Menander at Pompeii 1: The structures.xviii+393 pages, 131 plates, 62 figures. 1997. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress; 8-13409-6 hardback [pounds]85. The first in a series of threereports to look at this major municipal block in the city of Pompeii,named after the house of Menander The House of Menander is a building in Pompeii, Italy. It is located in the southern half of the town, just northeast of the Little and Large Theaters, as well as the Gladiators’ barracks.[1] An unknown architect constructed it in approximately 300 B.C.. , occupying more than half the block.Part 1 details the general background - dating and interpretation; PartII looks at the individual houses - that of Menander in some detail; andPart III looks at details from the whole block.MARTIN GOJDA. Letecka archeologie v Cechach/Aerial archaeology inBohemia. vi+163 pages. 91 colour & b/w plates, numerous figures,maps and tables. 1997. Praha: Institute of Archaeology The Institute of Archaeology is an academic department of University College London (UCL), in the United Kingdom. The Institute is located in a separate building at the north end of Gordon Square, Bloomsbury. , Academy ofSciences of the Czech Republic The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Czech: Akademie věd Česk�� republiky, abbr. AV ČR ; 80-901934-8-x paperback [pounds]18.(Available from the Institute of Archaeology, Praha.) A bilingual(Czech/English) account of recent aerial archaeology in the Bohemianregion of Czech republic, facilitated greatly by the repeal of the lawon the protection of state secrets, and thus the ability to fly and takepictures at the same time.TERRY HARRISON (ed.). Neogene palaeontology of the Manonga Valley,Tanzania. xii+418 pages, 89 figures, 59 tables, 1997. New York (NY):Plenum; 0-306-45471-8 $115 A report on the work of the Wembere-ManongaPalaeontological Adj. 1. palaeontological - of or relating to paleontologypaleontological Expedition to southern Tanzania, reporting on thegeology and the faunal palaeontology of this area rich in late Mioceneand Pliocene deposits. The hope is that in the near future this regionwill reveal fossil hominids dating to this poorly understood but crucialtime-period (5.5-4 million years ago). Prospective funding bodiesprepare.M.K. DHAVALIKAR, M.R. RAVAL & Y.M. CHITALWAL. Kuntasi: a Harappanemporium on west coast. xii+383 pages, 264 figures, 20 tables. 1996.Pune: Deccan Collage Postgraduate and Research Institute: hardbackRs1000. 14 chapters cover the geoarchaeology, environment., cuttings,architecture, pottery, other antiquities, plant, pollen, faunal andshell remains and other scientific analyses. Evidence indicates thatKuntasi was an important manufacturing and trading centre, and hencedeserves the nomination of emporium.Finally, CHRISTOPHER TOLAN-SMITH's Landscape archaeology inTynedale ((Tyne-Solway Ancient and Historic Landscapes ResearchProgramme Monograph 1.) x+102 pages, 2 colour, 2 b/w plates, 31 figures.1997. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Department of Archaeology, University ofNewcastle-upon-Tyne; 0-7017-0073-4 paperback [pounds]14.95) is the firstin what may prove to be a series of volumes looking at major changes inthe use of landscape in the Tynedale and Solway plain. It takes itsapproach from the nature of landscape archaeology as taught atNewcastle; here landscape archaeology is seen as both a perspective forexamining past social communities and an integrated series of fieldtechniques, set out in an introductory chapter. In contrast to the usualorder of chronological progress, further individual chapters peel backthe effects of time revealing how the 'present' use of theland is conditional on what went before.Also:TORGNY SAVE-SODERBERGH (ed.). Vid Vags Ande: En rapsodi franGronlands berg til Nubiens Branda dalar. 193 pages, 4 plates, 2 maps.1997. Jonsered: Paul Astroms Forlag; 917081-174-1 paperback SEK150.BENGT E. THOMASSON. Fasti Africani: Senatorische und ritterlicheAmstrage in den romischen Provinzen Nordafrikas von Augustus hisDiokletian. (Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Rom 53.) 261pages, 1 map. 1996. Stockholm: Paul Astroms Forlag; 91-7042-153-6paperback SEK350.OLIVIER PUAUX & MICHEL PHILIPE. Archeologie et histoire duSinnamary du [XVII.sup.e] au [XX.sup.e] s. (Guyane). (Documentsd'Archeologie Francais 60.) 227 pages, 16 plates, 72 figures, 50maps, 47 tables. 1997. Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences del'Homme; 2-7351-0617-9 paperback FF250.ROBIN HAGG HAGG Have A Good Game , GULLOG C. NORDQUIST & BERIT WELLS (ed.). Asine III:supplementary studies on the Swedish excavations 1922-1930. (Fascicule1.) 119 pages, 44 plates, 48 illustrations, 7 maps, 12 tables. 1996.Stockholm: Paul Astroms Forlag; 91-7916-032-8 paperback SEK350.lAIN GARDNER (ed.). Kellis literary texts 1. (Oxbow monograph 69.Dakhleh Oasis Project Monograph 4.) xix+216 pages, 22 plates. 1996.Oxford: Oxbow Books; 1-900188-10-4 hardback [pounds]35.WILLIAM D.E. COULSON. Ancient Naukratis 2: Survey at Naukratis andEnvirons part 1. (Oxbow Monograph 60.) xvi+202 pages, 125 plates, 68figures. 1996. Oxford: Oxbow; 1-900188-22-8 hardback [pounds]30.Conference and colloquia col��lo��qui��a?n.A plural of colloquium. E. HALLAGER & B.P. HALLAGER'S (ed.) Late Minoan III pottery:chronology and terminology: acts of a meeting held at the DanishInstitute at Athens The Danish Institute at Athens (Danish: Det Danske Institut I Athen; Greek: Ινστιτούτο της Δανίας στην Αθήνα August 12-14, 1994 (420 pages, 372 figures, 1997.Athens: Danish Institute at Athens/Aarhus University Press 87-7288-731-1paperback [pounds]29.95) is the proceedings of the first archaeologicalconference organized by the Danish Institute in Athens since itsfoundation in 1992. Twelve separate papers set out to answer many of theproblems posed by the development of Late Minoan III pottery brought tolight by the increase in published accounts and unpublished excavations.A general introduction and conclusions top and tail the book.In commemoration vein is PATRICE BRUN & BRUNO CHAUME'S Vixet les ephemeres principautes celtiques: Les [vi.sup.e] et [v.sup.e]siecles avant J.-C. en Europe centre-occidentale (409 pages, 6 colourplates, numerous illustrations. 1997. Paris: Editions Errance;2-87772-132-9 paperback FF280), the proceedings of a conference held in1993 to mark the 40th anniversary of the discovery of this famous tomb.In a large volume with many authors, 33 chapters, all in French but withEnglish and German resumes consider the archaeology of this period andthe question of the nature of contact between Iron Age Europe and theGreek and Etruscan city states. There is a huge range of newly excavateddata and important comparative studies in this volume.JOHN CARMAN Car´mann. 1. A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car. (ed.). Material harm: archaeological studies of war andviolence. x+246 pages, 64 illustrations, 2 tables. 1997. Glasgow:Cruithne Press; 1-873448-10-4 paperback [pounds]19.50 & $32. Aseries of 11 essays explore aspects of violence in the archaeologicalpast, including violent facial injuries in Ancient Egypt and Nubia,warfare and the spread of agriculture in Borneo, archaeology andprehistoric warfare at the Crow Creek Massacre The Crow Creek massacre occurred in the early 14th century between Native American groups in the South Dakota area. It is thought that either Middle Missou or Initial Coalescent Indians moved into the area. and the symbolism ofviolence in the palatial pa��la��tial?adj.1. Of or suitable for a palace: palatial furnishings.2. Of the nature of a palace, as in spaciousness or ornateness: a palatial yacht. societies of the Bronze Age Aegean.Also:ROBIN HAGG (ed.). The role of religion in the early Greek polis.(Proceedings of the third international seminar on the ancient Greekcult.) 176 pages, 18 plates, 6 figures. 1996. Stockholm: Paul AstromsForlag; 91-7916-033-6 paperback SEK250.FestschriftsANNA GALLINA ZEVI & AMANDA CLARIDGE's, (ed.) 'RomanOstia' revisited: archaeological and historical papers in memory ofRussell Meiggs (xix+307 pages, 129 figures. 1997. London: The BritishSchool at Rome The British School at Rome was established in 1901 and granted a Royal Charter in 1912 as an educational institute culminating the study of awarded British scholars in the fields of archaeology, literature, music, and history of Rome and Italy of every period, and for the study of & Soprintendenza Archaeologica di Ostia Ostia(ŏs`tēə), ancient city of Italy, at the mouth of the Tiber. It was founded (4th cent. B.C.) as a protection for Rome, then developed (from the 1st cent. B.C.) as a Roman port, rivaling Puteoli. ;0-9044152-29-4 hardback [pounds]35) collects together 16 papers and anintroduction on this site presented at a conference held at the BritishSchool of Rome in 1992. The first three papers deal with the work ofRussell Meiggs; the final 13 with aspects of Roman Ostia: archaic andrepublican, imperial; and Portus. Particularly amusing and revealing isthe chapter 'Meiggs: Practical Historian' by Oswyn Murray, whonotes Meiggs' assiduousness as��sid��u��ous?adj.1. Constant in application or attention; diligent: an assiduous worker who strove for perfection.See Synonyms at busy.2. in the questioning and recording of hissources. Indeed, in Oxford in 1968, during the time of the student'revolutions', it was Meiggs who was first outside the BalliolCollege gates to record for posterity the revolutionary slogans chalkedby students on the walls, before the College porters had the chance toclean them off, and later to be remembered to those same older and wiserrevolutionaries at a College feast!Also:JOANNA BIRD, MARK HASSALL & HARVEY SHELDON (ed.). InterpretingRoman London: papers in memory of Hugh Chapman. (Oxbow Monograph 58.)xi+268 pages, 30 plates, 49 illustrations, 24 maps, 46 tables. 1996.Oxford: Oxbow; 1-900188-02-3 hardback [pounds]35.JIRI SVOBODA (ed.). Paleolithic in the Middle Danube region:anniversary volume to Bohuslav Klima. 323 pages, 125 illustrations, 24tables. 1996. Brno: Institute of Archaeology; 80-901679-8-5 hardback.Paperbacks and new editionsThose familiar with the on-going archaeological project of MICHAEL B.SCHIFFER, that is the study of formation processes, should note thepresence of two recently re-published works. Formation processes of thearchaeological record (xx+428 pages, 70 illustrations, 7 tables. 1996(1st edition 1987). Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Press The University of Utah Press is a university press that is part of the University of Utah. External linkUniversity of Utah Press ;0-87480-513-9 paperback $19.95) is a reprint of the first edition inwhich Schiffer takes us through a study of particular cultural formationprocesses (C-transforms) via environmental formation processes to a moreabstract section on the study of formation processes at a theoreticallevel. My favourite transformation process is one of the least studied,apparently: that of the formation of rubbish patterns by means ofchildren's play. Further work is still needed to determine thefactors (vectors?) related to the effects of age and gender on play. Oneof the first experimenters in this study, Hammond Junior, is now ofcourse too old to take part in this work. Those wishing to see how theproject has developed through time should look no further than MICHAELBRIAN SCHIFFER'S Behavioral archaeology: first principles. (x+289pages, 13 figures, 18 tables. 1995. Salt Lake City (UT): University ofUtah Press; 0-87480-501-5 paperback $24.95), which is a reprintedcollection of the classic papers from the early 1970s through to thepresent. Both volumes ideally complement each other.TERENCE MEADEN. Stonehenge: the secret of the solstice. 168 pages, 19colour plates, 80 illustrations, 4 tables. 1997. London: Souvenir Press;0-28563375-9 hardback $24 & [pounds]18.99; 0-285-63364-3; paperback$16.95 & [pounds]12.99. A revised and updated version of thepreviously published Stonehenge solution. The solution for Stonehenge isas a place for the marriage of the gods, a religious and fertilityceremony commonly understood by all agricultural peoples.JAMES DYER. Discovering archaeology in England and Wales England and Wales are both constituent countries of the United Kingdom, that together share a single legal system: English law. Legislatively, England and Wales are treated as a single unit (see State (law)) for the conflict of laws. . 6thedition. 128 pages, 77 figures, 1997. Princes Risborough: ShirePublications Ltd 0-7478-0333-1 paperback [pounds]4.99. 4 chapters dealwith 'What is archaeology?', 'How the archaeologistworks', 'Man in Britain' - chronologically ordered on thearchaeology of Britain from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Post-Romanperiod, and finally 'Taking part', a series of addresses andother useful information for those bitten by the archaeological bug.Also:IAN HODDER et al. (ed.). Interpreting archaeology: finding meaning inthe past. ix+275 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables. Reprinted 1997. London& New York (NY): Routledge; 0-415-15744-7 paperback [pounds]16.99& $22.95.MICHAEL PARKER PEARSON & COLIN RICHARDS (ed.). Architecture &order: approaches to social space. xii+248 pages, 70 figures. 1997.London & New York (NY): Routledge; 0-415-15743-9 paperback[pounds]14.99 & $22.95.JAS JAS JamesJAS Journal of Animal ScienceJAS Jamaica AIDS SupportJAS Journal Abbreviation SourcesJAS Japan Air SystemJAS Just A SecondJAS Japanese Agricultural StandardJAS Jordanian Astronomical Society (Amman, Jordan)ELSNER. Art and the Roman viewer: the transformation of art fromthe Pagan world to Christianity. xxiv+375 pages, 4 colour plates, 81illustrations. 1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 0-521-59952paperback [pounds]16.95 & $24.95; 0-521-45354-2 hardback [pounds]45& $69.95.ReferenceMARY MILLER & KARL TAUBE. An illustrated dictionary of the godsand symbols of ancient Mexico and the Maya. 216 pages, 193illustrations. 1993. London: Thames & Hudson; 0-500-27928-4paperback [pounds]8.95Introductions and popular accountsFollowing the completion of the seven inventories of the Ancient andhistorical monuments of Argyll by the Royal Commission between 1971 and1992, Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh University Press is a university publisher that is part of the University of Edinburgh in Edinburgh, Scotland. External linksEdinburgh University Press suggested the usefulness of thepublication of this book, GRAHAM RITCHIE's The archaeology ofArgyll. (xviii+308 pages, 130 figures, 6 tables. 1997. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press: 0-7486-0645-9 paperback [pounds]17.95) tothe Commission to put the details of the inventories into the context ofthe current research framework and thus make the 10 inches of book spaceoccupied by those inventories more accessible to all!CHRISTIAN BONNET. Athenes: des origines a 338 av. J-C. (Que sais-je?3208.) 128 pages, 4 maps. 1997. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France;2-13-048002-0 paperback. From the reforms of Solon Solon, Athenian statesmanSolon(sō`lən), c.639–c.559 B.C., Athenian statesman, lawgiver, and reformer. He was also a poet, and some of his patriotic verse in the Ionic dialect is extant. At some time (perhaps c.600 B.C. to the end of thePeloponnesian war in 10 brief but easy-to-read chapters. Individualchapters consider the nature of Classical Athenian society: itsdemocratic, economic, cultural and religious structures.FRANCES LYNCH. Megalithic meg��a��lith?n.A very large stone used in various prehistoric architectures or monumental styles, notably in western Europe during the second millennium b.c. tombs and long barrows in Britain. 72pages, 45 figures. 1997. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications Ltd0-7478-0341-2 paperback [pounds]4.99. Ten chapters deal with thebackground to monumentality, the history of research, systems of burial,the analysis of burial structures, their dating. They conclude withplaces to visit.GuidesJEAN-FRANCOIS BOMMELAER. Marmaria: le sanctuaire d'Athena aDelphes. (Sites et Monuments XVI.) 140 pages, 116 colour and b/willustrations throughout. 1997. Paris: Ecole Francaise d'Athenes/DeBoccard; 2-86958-085-1. Not only a guide to this site where Frencharchaeologists have been active since 1938, detailing the finds, dates,etc., it also presents reconstructions of all aspects of the buildingsat this site using the latest 'virtual' computer technology.DAVID David, in the BibleDavid,d. c.970 B.C., king of ancient Israel (c.1010–970 B.C.), successor of Saul. The Book of First Samuel introduces him as the youngest of eight sons who is anointed king by Samuel to replace Saul, who had been deemed a failure. S. WHITLEY. A guide to rock art sites: southern California andsouthern Nevada. xiv+218 pages, 53 colour plates, 1 figure, 25 maps.1996. Missoula (MT): Mountain Press; 0-87842-332-x paperback $20. Aregion-by-region survey of some 38 rock-art sites in this area, precededby sections on the making and the interpretation of this art, noting forexample the relationships between shamanism shamanism/sha��man��ism/ (shah��-) (sha��mah-nizm?) a traditional system, occurring in tribal societies, in which certain individuals (shamans) are believed to be gifted with access to an invisible spiritual and vision-quests and theproduction of art; and some advice on best practice for the conservationof this art by intending visitors to the site, such as taking care notonly not to poke the art deliberately but also not inadvertently tobrush against it. Studies suggest that of all the potential visitors,children pose the greatest threat to this art, being the most'active' art-site visitors!Also:JOHN MCLEAN. The presence of the past: Christian heritage sites inthe Rhins of Galloway The Rhins of Galloway (known locally simply as The Rhins; Scottish Gaelic: Na Rannaibh [1]) is a hammer-head peninsula in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. . 181 pages, numerous illustrations and maps. 1997.Edinburgh: John Donald; 0185976-474-5 paperback [pounds]9.99.AlsoJUDITH OLMSTEAD. Women between two worlds: portrait of an Ethiopianrural leader. xv+248 pages, 1 map, 19 b&w photographs, 1997. Urbana& Chicago (IL): University of Illinois Press The University of Illinois Press (UIP), is a major American university press and part of the University of Illinois. OverviewAccording to the UIP's website: ; 0-252-06587-5paperback $19.95.